When is thicker roof decking worth the upgrade?

I’m comparing 7/16-inch OSB with 1/2-inch or 5/8-inch roof sheathing for a roof framed at either 16 or 24 inches on center. The planned covering is asphalt shingles, but I’m also interested in how the answer changes for exposed-fastener metal roofing or other systems.

The thinner panel may be adequate where framing is 16 inches on center and the roof loads are modest, but 24-inch spacing raises concerns about panel deflection, edge movement, and damage from foot traffic during installation or future service. Thicker decking should improve stiffness and fastener holding, although it adds cost and weight, and the actual benefit depends on panel span rating, installation direction, blocked joints, and fastening schedule.

For those conditions, where do you see the upgrade making practical sense?

- Is 7/16-inch OSB acceptable at 24 inches on center under asphalt shingles, or do you prefer 1/2-inch or thicker?
- Does metal roofing change your minimum choice because fastener pull-out and panel movement are more noticeable?
- How much does attic loading, snow load, or repeated contractor foot traffic influence the decision?
- Are there cases where improving the framing layout is a better use of money than simply increasing sheathing thickness?

I’m especially interested in how you balance code minimums against a deck that stays flatter, holds fasteners reliably, and is less likely to be damaged during installation.